I have to
disagree with the idea that God’s ultimate goal is one of interacting with and
redeeming only a portion of humanity. Timothy states in 1 Timothy3-5” 3 For
this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Savior, 4 who desires all
men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth. 5 For there is one
God and one Mediator between God and men, the Man Christ Jesus, 6 who gave
Himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time,…” To make the statement
that God is interacting with and redeeming a portion of humanity sounds to me
as though God is showing partiality. This is in contradiction with the Bible. Acts
10:34-35 Peter is preaching to the household of Cornelius “34 Then Peter opened
his mouth and said: “In truth I perceive that God shows no partiality. 35 But
in every nation whoever fears Him and works righteousness is accepted by Him.”
(NKJV) In the second chapter of James, James addresses the issue of favoritism.”
1 My brethren, do not hold the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of
glory, with partiality… 8 If you really fulfill the royal law according to the
Scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you do well; 9 but if
you show partiality, you commit sin, and are convicted by the law as
transgressors.” ( James2:1,8-9 NKJV) Peter states in 2 Peter 3:9 “2 Peter 3:9New
King James Version (NKJV) 9 The Lord is
not slack concerning His promise, as some count slackness, but is longsuffering
toward us, not willing that any should perish but that all should come to
repentance.(NKJV)
The question
arises: How can those who never heard about Christ be saved? The question puts limitations
on God. If humans are saved only after hearing about him, the multitudes, which
never had this chance during their lifetime, would necessarily be damned to
eternal suffering in hell. Such a cruelty would not be consistent with His love
for us, which sent Christ to die on the cross for our sins. If God is
all-loving, all-knowing and all-powerful, he must have a solution for those who
have never heard about his final revelation in Jesus Christ.
If all other
religions were valid ways to God, the Christian claim that Jesus’ sacrifice on
the cross is the only possibility for human salvation should be rejected. If
humans could have worked out their salvation by carefully following any
available known religion, God would not have acknowledged the crucifixion of
Christ. Christianity would have been a mere alternative religion along with all
the others to reach Him. This makes Jesus
only one religious teacher among others. However, Jesus himself claimed to be
the only possibility for our salvation and reconciliation with God. He said,
"I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father
except through me" (John 14, 6 NKJV). As stated above He commanded his disciples to
go and proclaim this truth in the whole world (Matthew 28, 18-20; Mark 16, 15-16)
Hence, we cannot sacrifice the uniqueness of Jesus’ atonement.
According to
Christianity, salvation is provided only because of the specific historical
deeds of Jesus Christ in his life, death on the cross, resurrection and ascension.
What he did is essential for the salvation of any human being who has ever
lived, whether thousands of years BC or currently. The fact is that no human
being is excluded from God's plan of salvation. The element that solves this
dilemma is the criteria according to which God will judge those who never heard
about Christ and grant them salvation. The Bible states that God is holy and
will judge humans with justice (Acts 17, 31), according to the available
measure of revelation they had and their response to it, expressed through
their deeds (Romans 2, 6), words (Matthew 12, 36-37) and thoughts (Hebrews 4,
12). The amount of revelation one has determines a consequent measure of
responsibility on his behalf (Luke 12, 47-48). For those who never had the chance to hear the
Christian message or have heard a perverted version of it, it is obvious that
their judgment will require other criteria than responding to the crucifixion
and resurrection of Christ. In Hebrews 11 we can find a whole list of people
who never heard about Christ but still are saved :Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham,
Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Rahab, David and others, are all considered heroes
of faith, despite the fact that none of them heard about Christ. Faith is the
key not knowledge. As we respond in faith to His revelation, no matter how
limited it might be. Faith means trusting the promises of God and responding to
Him through action (Hebrews 11, 1-3). It is not a mere understanding of the
doctrine of salvation. Not only people belonging to the chosen people of Israel
are said to be saved, but also Gentiles. None of these people of the Old
Testament was saved through their merits, but through the grace of Christ’s
sacrifice on the cross, grace is retroactive. The object of faith has always
been the same - God himself, and the basis of his forgiveness was always
Christ’s sacrifice on the cross. Whether one lived before or after Jesus’
crucifixion, God’s forgiveness was always granted through grace and not by
one’s own merits, and the proper way of accepting grace was always faith.
Salvation for those who never heard about
Christ but accept the importance of grace. The above considerations do not
imply that God rejects all those who do not know anything other than their native
religion. There have been many spiritual masters who recognized the necessity
of grace and the impossibility of attaining salvation by one's own efforts. For
example Hindu and Buddhism. The spiritual trend called Prapatti in Hinduism and
the Pure Land school of Buddhism focus on grace as the only solution for
attaining liberation. According to them, the whole merit for being saved
belongs to the god they worship. There are also many tribal religions in which
grace plays a key role in salvation. The God who reveals himself in the Bible
knows one’s inner attitude and motivation for performing certain religious
duties. Any efforts, which aim at self-justification, are of no value, no
matter how impressive they might be. The appropriate attitude is one of humility
and openness towards God's grace, which he offers unconditionally. These spiritual
trends in other religions demonstrate that the Holy Spirit is at work in the
world, convincing people of their sin and limitations and turning their hearts
toward God's grace. The character displayed by the God of the Bible, we can
expect that he will save such people, by the grace available for all in Jesus
Christ. They will be saved not through their native religions, but despite
them, not because they did not hear about Christ, but despite the fact that
they did not hear about him. It will be for their humility and recognition of
the need for grace. It is not Vishnu or Amida who saves them, but Christ
through his grace, because of their need for grace expressed towards Vishnu or
Amida. God can use unorthodox methods to reveal himself to those who are foreign
to his revelation in the Bible. He has sufficient means to do it all over the
earth. The most important factor in
defining faith is human response to his revelation. Most of Jesus’
contemporaries rejected him because they refused to believe despite all
fulfilled prophecies, miracles, and healings and even despite his resurrection.
People are given everything they need in order to be saved, but if they refuse
the available revelation, they are fully responsible for it and cannot be
justified at God’s judgment. The crucifixion of Jesus Christ tells us that
humans cannot please God by their own efforts and that God’s grace is an outright
necessity for us. Another question than
arises: If people can be saved without hearing about Christ, does it mean that
Christian missions are futile? There are two important reasons for Christian
missions in the world. First, Jesus himself commanded it (Matthew 28, 18-20).
He is the final revelation of God and his message of salvation has to be
proclaimed. That people can be saved without hearing about Christ is only a
temporary solution, which operates only until his message will reach all people.
Jesus came to redeem our earthly life as well, so that we could start to
experience his love now, in a personal relationship with him and in the
Christian community.
If the salvation of tribes living in remote
areas depended entirely on missionaries’ preaching, many people would suffer
eternal damnation in hell only because Christian missionaries did not manage to
reach their part of the world in time. In many cases, the disobedience of
Christians to go into remote parts of the world would be responsible for that. There
are the cases of missionaries that have reached remote parts of the world but did
not preach the "right" Jesus. Unfortunately, Christian missions have
not always been inspired by love. Therefore, God could not condemn people to
hell because followers perverted His message. This would not be at all
consistent with God’s perfect justice and love for the lost. If there, so no
grace in God and if His grace is not sufficient then all of Christianity is
futile, the cross is meaningless.